BS128 Biostatistics Statistical Tools in Excel for Mac Excel for Mac includes most of the same computational facilities that are available for Excel for Windows. In particular, all of the statistical functions identified in the document “Excel for BS128 Biostatistics”, as being relevant to the statistical approaches introduced in the module, are also available in the Mac version of the software. Of course there are a few differences in how the various Excel menus are arranged in the Mac version, and in the way in which the information about functions is presented. But these do not affect the functionality of the package, and certainly have very little impact on the functions and calculations that you will need to perform to answer questions on the module worksheet and in the module exam. One useful feature, mentioned in the above document, was the facility to be able to “fix” cell addresses using the F4 key.
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This same facility is available in Excel for Mac, but is accessed either via the “Formulas” menu bar (within the workbook display), labelled as “Switch Reference” (one click fixes both row and column addresses, a second click fixes the row but not the column, a third click fixes the column but not the row, and a fourth click returns to the original relative address), or using the “cmd-T” shortcut (pressing the “cmd” key and the “T” key together), with multiple presses of this key combination cycling through the settings as indicated above. The “Pivot Table” facility can be accessed from the “Data” menu, and works in exactly the same way as the equivalent facility within Excel for Windows. The only facilities from the Excel for Windows version that are not replicated in the Excel for Mac version are those that were accessed via the “Data Analysis Toolpak”, but we have sourced an alternative “add-on” package, StatPlus:mac, which does provide the equivalent facilities. The version that we have made available on the iMacs in the new Life Sciences Computing Suite is a free version of the package containing a reduced set of facilities – but these include all of the facilities that were introduced in the module. Mac users can download their own copy from: using the download link at the bottom left of this web-page. Further information about the package is also available from these web-pages.
StatPlus:mac facilities for BS128 Biostatistics All of the relevant statistical tools for BS128 Biostatistics can be accessed via the “Statistics” menu. On the “Basic Statistics and Tables” sub-menu are facilities for “Descriptive Statistics”, “Comparing Means (T-Test)”, “F-Test for Variances”, “Linear Correlation (Pearson)” and “Histogram”. On the “Analysis of Variances (ANOVA)” sub-menu are facilities for “One-way ANOVA (simple)” and “Twoway ANOVA”, and on the “Regression” sub-menu are facilities for “Linear Regression”. Each of these facilities matches the equivalent facilities available in the Data Analysis Toolpak in Excel for Windows. A brief description is given below: Histograms o All that it is necessary to provide here is the set of cell addresses (under “Continuous Variables”) containing the data to be summarised.
Note that the default setting for all of the StatPlus facilities is for there to be a label in the first row of the set of cells selected. Clicking on the “cell selector” button at the right-hand end of each field will take you to Excel to be able to select the cells. Returning to StatPlus will copy the cell addresses into the field. O The “Bin Range” can also be specified, selecting a set of cells giving the boundaries to be used to divide the observations into groups (represented in the different bars on the histogram). O The optional “Frequency Variable” allows us to specify the number of observations represented by each row in the data set (i.e. Where we have multiple observations of the same value).
O The optional “Layer (Break) Variable” enables the generation of separate frequency tables and histograms for different sub-groups (treatments), labelled by this variable. O The output consists of a frequency table and graphical representation – remember to reduce the “Gap Interval” to 0% (via the Format options) so that the histogram bars are adjacent to each other.
Descriptive Statistics o This facility provides a wide range of descriptive statistics (including the arithmetic mean, variance, standard deviation, standard error of the mean, median and quartiles, and upper and lower confidence limits based on sample data (using the appropriate t-distribution). The Significance level (Alpha level) for the confidence limits can be set via the “Preferences” button. O Summary statistics are provided for multiple columns if these are included in the selected cells. Comparing Means (T-Test) o Allows the calculation of three different forms of T-Test to compare sample means. O Data are provided in two separate ranges for the two different variables (samples).
We now show how to perform ANCOVA based on ANOVA instead of regression. Example 1: Redo Example 1 of using an ANOVA approach to ANCOVA. We start by calculating the slopes of the regression lines of the reading scores for each method versus the family income of the children in that sample based on the raw data in Figure 1 of. The results are displayed in Figure 1. Figure 1 – Slopes of regression lines for Example 1 Some representative formulas in Figure 1 are presented in Figure 2. Figure 2 – Representative formulas from Figure 1 The next step is to run a one-way ANOVA on the reading scores (input data range B5:E15)and another on the family incomes (input data range G5:J15) using either Excel’s Anova: Single Factor data analysis tool or the Real Statistics Single Factor Anova data analysis tool (see Figure 3). Figure 3 – ANOVA on readings scores and family income Using the results from Figure 1 and 3, we can now create (in Figure 4) the same two versions of ANCOVA that appear in Figure 3 and 4 of.
Figure 4 – ANCOVA for Example 1 To see how this is done, we show in Figure 5 some representative formulas from Figure 4. Figure 5 – Representative formulas from Figure 4 Real Statistics Data Analysis Tool: The Real Statistics Resource Pack provides the ANCOVA data analysis tool. To use the tool for the analysis of Example 1, click on cell L1 (where the output will start), enter Ctrl-m and double click on Analysis of Variance (as shown Figure 0 of ).
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Select ANCOVA and press OK. Then fill in the dialog box that appears as shown in Figure 6. Figure 6 – Dialog box for Analysis of Covariance The output is shown in Figure 7. Figure 7 – Analysis of Covariance data analysis tool. This sort of problem seems to come up from time to time, but I am not sure why. If you can answer the following questions I will try to figure out what has gone wrong: 1. What operating system are you using (Windows 8.1, 8.0, 7, Vista, XP, Mac OS)?
What version of Excel are you using (Excel 2013, 2011, 2010, 2007, 2003, 2002)? Are you able to use any of the other Real Statistics data analysis tools without getting the “compile error in hidden module” error? What value do you get when you enter the formula =VER in any cell in the spreadsheet? Hello, Thanks so much for this resource.
Two questions about ANCOVA using RealStatistics: 1) Why does the input go all the way to row 17 instead of stopping at row 15? When I tried doing both of these, it gave me different output values, too, so I’d like to understand better why I wouldn’t stop at just the raw values. 2) I think there is a bug; when I tried to do the ANCOVA function in your example workbook, the output just lists “Method 1” as all of the 4 groups, and the adjusted means become “0”. The F and p also return errors rather than numbers.
Thanks for your help. Charity, 1) The input should stop at row 15.
The dialog box values are in error. The output is correct, however, and uses the data through row 15 only. Thanks for catching this error. I have made a notation on the webpage and shortly I will substitute the image with one containing the correct input ranges. 2) There is a bug in the headings when you place the output on a new worksheet. The headings are correct when you keep the output on the same page as the input. Thanks for finding this error as well.
I will correct the software in the next release. When I ran the ANCOVA data analysis tool using the latest release (2.6.2), however, I did not get errors for F and p-value.
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